St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, Wabash- A Supreme Court decision stating that states were prohibited from regulating the railroads because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.
Interstate Commerce Act- Compelled railroads to publish standard rates and prohibited rebates and pools.
Vertical Integration- Controlling every step of the industrial production process, perfected Carnegie.
Horizontal Integration- Dominating a phase of the production process in order to monopolize the market, perfected by Rockefeller.
Trust- Where one company grants control over is operations through ownership of its stock to another company.
Interlocking Directorates- The process of having executives or directors from one company to serve on the Board of Directors in another company.
Standard Oil Company- Formed in 1870, by 1877 it controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the U.S.
Social Darwinists- People who believed that people gained wealth by "survival of the fittest."
Sherman Anti-Trust Act- This law forbade trusts or combinations in business and it was mostly used to restrain trade unions.
National Labor Union- The fist national labor organization, it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks.
Knights of Labor- The second national labor organization that focused on organizing all workers no matter the skill, race or gender.
Haymarket Square- Was a calm rally until someone threw a bomb and killed several dozens of peoples.
American Federation of Labor- A national federation of trade unions that only allowed skilled workers and white males consisted most of the members.
Closed Shop- The practice of allowing only unionized employees to work for a particular company.